Development of modern energies is one of the most important issues that all countries have focused on and have tried to find a new model in that respect. One of the greatest Energy-resources in the world is oceans and tidal currents are one of the specific indicators of oceanic current.The movement of oceans waters caused by tidal current has a great deal of Energy. On the other hand, development of new energies causes to search new plan in all countries. In this study, the potential Energy obtained from daily, monthly and eventually annually average of 18-years (1990-2007) tidal range difference data in the Chabahar station. The average of tidal range was 2.09 m. The average Energy estimated to be 5.5 w/m2 and the average power estimated to be 0.44 w/m2. According to the obtained results, producible Energy of tidal currents in Chabahar is very low and it has no economic importance.

Background and Aim: Although orthodontists have long recognized that the Extraction (Ext) of premolars often is accompanied by changes in the soft tissue profile, investigations indicate that the soft tissue does not always respond favorably to hard-tissue retraction. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of treatment, with and without premolar Ext, on the lateral facial profiles of borderline patients with particular reference to the curvature of the upper and lower lips.Materials & Methods: Eighty-nine border line patients were included in this study. 41 patients were treated with a non-Extraction (Non-Ext) protocol, 16 patients were treated with Extractions of 5.5, 18 patients with 4.4 and 14 patients with 4.5. All pre-and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were traced and analysis by one examiner. To quantify the soft tissue effects of growth and treatment, the depths of the upper and lower lip curves were calculated in two ways relative to the PM reference line and anterior soft tissue reference line.Results: The changes in depth of upper and lower lip curves were statistically significant (P<0.001).The Non-Ext group showed an increase in depth of upper and lower lip curves, whereas the Ext group showed a decrease in depth of upper and lower lip curves. No significant differences were found between the various Extraction sequences (5.5, 4.4, 4.5) for depth of the upper and lower lip curves changes.Conclusions: l) The upper and lower lip changes were significant; more retrusive in the Ext group and more protrusive in the Non-Ext group. 2) There were no significant post treatment differences in the depths of upper and lower lip curves between premolar Extraction sequences.

Background & Aim: Extraction of first premolars and their influence on the third molars' eruption and impaction has been of concern to dental profession. The aim of this study, was to determine the relation between the changes of third molar angulation and the first premolar Extraction in orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: This analytical study was carried out on total 90 subjects selected from two orthodontic clinics. Forty five subjects (14 males and 31 females) 14.46±1.64 years old treated with Extraction of four first premolars (Extraction group) and the other 45 subjects (13 males, 32 females) 13.9±1.99 years old treated by nonExtraction were studied. Lateral cephalometric and panoramic films were studied before and after treatment. Eight angles in panoramic, four angles and 4 linear variables on the lateral cephalometric films were measured. Age, gender, amount of crowding in both dental arches and treatment duration were matched in the two groups. Student t and chi square tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The upper eruption space and the lower eruption spaces were more in Extraction group and the difference was significant (P=0.02, P=0.004, P<0.001). The changes of third molar angulation were not significant between the two groups. Eruption rate of the third molars in both arches were more in Extraction group and the difference was significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Extraction of the first premolars did not influence the changes in the third molar angulation, while it affected the third molar eruption by space creation. It seems that Extraction of the first premolars is not a way for secure eruption of the third molar.

Development of modern energies is one of the most important issues that all countries have focused on and have tried to find a new model in that respect. This study investigates various methods of estimating energies that are produced by wave and then it concludes that the best method is spectrum analysis using Fourier analysis. Using available data of year 1998 in Chabahar and applying a program which is produced in MATLAB environment, rate of producible Energy in year 1998 is equal to 6.9 Kwh/m2 and producible power of waves has been estimated to be 3.9 Kw/m2 with the lowest rate of Energy observed in winter and the highest rate of wave Energy in summer. Probable cause of this phenomenon could be seasonal winds that blow in summer. According to the flowmetry report done by Ports and Maritime Organization in Chabahar, in Aw1 Station has divided its 9-meter distance below water surface into 7 cells, therefore, with considering 1×1m channels and assuming that flow in each channel has been changed steadily, tide flow Energy has been estimated and average Energy of Chabahar station has been obtained equal to 0.12 w/m2 within two weeks. In the second way, using program written in MATLAB environment and calculating the surface under the chart, tide Energy has been calculated equal to 0.19w/ m2. According to the obtained results, producible Energy of tidal current in Chabahar Gulf is very low and it is not economical.

This research focuses on the effect of passive methods in the field of Energy storage, produce Energy by using renewable energies, and also to achieve the construction patterns of residential buildings in the climate conditions of Shiraz, with the aim reducing Energy consumption. Statistics show that in Iran, fuel consumption in residential and commercial buildings with an average annual growth of 7. It is about 2.37% of the country's total fuel consumption. One way to minimize Energy consumption in this sector is to increase the role of zero-Energy buildings. Zero-Energy buildings provide technical ways to consume less Energy in buildings. These buildings are designed and built so that all or a large part of these provide the Energy they need through the combination of Energy saving and the use of renewable Energy technology. In this research, after studying the climate condition of the city of Shiraz, a building in the Energy Plus software, the simulation and climatic data of the Shiraz station was introduced to the software. To achieve the most optimal conditions of Energy consumption in the climatic conditions of Shiraz, each of the building elements Residential was optimized. The simulation shows that it is possible to reduce the Energy consumption of the building by using passive building materials and designs, including double-glazed glass, Wall insulation, etc. On the other hand, by using solar Energy, using pvsyst software, you can supply the Energy needed by the building.

Introduction: Use of an adhesive with a suitable composite resin is an important factor in tooth-colored restorations and increasing marginal sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of various adhesives with composite resins using fluid filtration and dye Extraction techniques and assessment of the correlation between these two techniques.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, class II cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of 48 extracted sound human premolar teeth, measuring 1.5±0.5 mm in gingival width, 4 mm in occluso-gingival height and 1.3 of the inter-cuspal distance in width. The samples were divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1; OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 2: OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Master Dent composite resin; Group 3: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 4: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Master Dent composite resin. Microleakage was assessed primarily by fluid filtration and then by dye Extraction techniques. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's rho correlation test at 95% confidence interval.Results: The minimum and maximum mean microleakage values were recorded in fluid filtration and dye Extraction techniques groups 1 and 4, respectively. There were significant differences between the experimental groups in microleakage with the two methods of leakage assessment (p value=0.001). Spearman's rho revealed a strongly direct correlation between the two methods (r=0.797, p value=0.000).Conclusion: In both methods of microleakage assessment, use of ethanol-based in comparison to acetone-based adhesive resulted in microleakage reduction. Application of light-cured composite resin contrary to self-cured composite resin with both types of adhesives increased marginal sealing ability.

The rise in the global population has led to an increase in Energy requirements. In addition to the prospect of a future Energy crisis resulting from the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the provision of Energy that continues to rely on nonrenewable resources, leads to a decline in environmental support capacity owing to CO2 gas pollution. BioEnergy derived from microalgae is a potential future fuel source. BioEnergy development of microalgae is seen as having several benefits, including plentiful resources, ease of development, a high oil content with the potential to be produced as biofuels, the ability to grow in a variety of water and waste conditions, and the ability to cut CO2 emissions. This research was conducted using a combination of literature analysis and prior study observations. The findings indicate that microalgae have enormous potential for development as bioEnergy and may aid in the resolution of environmental issues, particularly those associated with the reduction of CO2 emission gases and the decrease of pollutant levels in liquid waste.